Basic relationship between upper computer, lower computer and BMS

1. Upper computer

The Upper computer is the central control and management equipment of the system, which is mainly responsible for the monitoring, analysis and issuance of operation instructions of the overall data. The upper computer communicates with the BMS through standard communication protocols (such as CAN bus, RS485, UART or Ethernet) to obtain the operating data of the battery pack, including key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC (charging state), SOH (health state) and other key parameters. The upper computer analyzes and stores these data and issues operating instructions based on the battery status, such as starting battery balance, adjusting charging strategies, and executing protection actions. In addition, the host computer can also monitor multiple BMS modules to realize remote monitoring, centralized control and maintenance management.

2. Lower machine

    The lower computer is responsible for interacting with the sensor or actuator, collecting sensor data or performing specific control tasks. The lower computer passes the data to the BMS to perform battery management-related tasks. In some systems, the lower computer is also responsible for specific tasks such as temperature regulation devices that control the battery cell. The hardware platform of the lower computer usually includes a PXI chassis, real-time processor, I/O board, etc., which is responsible for sequence execution and device calls.

3. BMS

    BMS is a device that directly manages the battery module and is responsible for the battery status monitoring, protection and control functions. The BMS communicates with the upper computer, reports the battery status and receives instructions, and communicates with the lower computer to obtain underlying sensor data or control specific actuators. The BMS obtains the underlying sensor data through the lower computer, such as the voltage, current, temperature and other information of each battery cell, and then performs local processing and sends the key data to the upper computer. BMS also has a variety of functions, including data acquisition, balanced management, protection functions and fault diagnosis, charging management, thermal management and alarm reminder.

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